AKT1 and cancer: In contrast, the cancer stem cells are characterized by the dysregulation of normal regulatory pathways, activation of survival pathways via phosphotidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), molecular target of rapamycin (m TOR) and nuclear factor kB (NFkB) signaling and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) [17].