For instance, upon infection of differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and primary human nasal epithelial progenitor cells with human rhinovirus (HRVs), the epithelial NLRP3 inflammasomes mediated the hNEC pyroptosis via DDX33/DDX58–NLRP3–caspase-1–GSDMD axis. Here, NLRP3 is linked to infection.