PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In addition, interestingly, preliminary studies also indicate that some specific genetic polymorphisms, especially rs738409 C>G p.I148M in the PNPLA3 (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3) gene, have an important role in the development and progression of NAFLD [47], MAFLD [48], but also a potential role in the development of kidney abnormalities [23,49].