NFKB1 and intestinal disorder: In vitro, emodin led to inactivation of TLR4, NF-κB, and NLRP3, and also inhibition of IL-1β and IL-6 production, thereby exerting protective effects against barrier disruption and inflammation in an IEC-6 cell model with TNF-α stimulation, indicating potential therapeutic effects against intestinal diseases [181].