However, we matched many crucial variables, such as age, sex, the ICD codings of smoking, alcohol-related disorders, obesity, influenza vaccination, adult health examination, HbA1C test, comorbidities, CCI, and medications, for a maximal balance between study and comparison groups; we also matched the item and number of oral antidiabetic drugs, insulin, and DCSI scores to balance diabetes severity and increase comparability. Here, INS is linked to alcohol-related disorders.