MTOR and glioma: For example, a comparison of the genomic landscape of 23 patients with low-grade gliomas at initial diagnosis and patient-matched recurrence demonstrates that 54% of mutations in the initial tumors are undetected in the recurrent ones, and that the adjuvant chemotherapy with the anti-glioma drug temozolomide (TMZ) is mutagenic in some cases to confer new driver mutations in the RB and AKT-mTOR pathways [6,7].