MTOR and Parkinson disease: Accordingly, post-mortem studies in AD and PD reveal considerable aberrations within the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway [199], AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) [200], elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K) [201,202], and stress-adaptive phosphorylation of the initiation and elongation factors [198,201,202,203].