CD4 and atherosclerosis: Considering that inflammation in atherosclerosis is largely controlled by the adaptive immune system and in line with the previous findings showing that specific effect of Peli1 on peripheral T-cells, we observed that Peli1-deficiency promoted an increase in CD4 cells, Th1, Th2, T cells secreting IL-17 as well as T follicular helper cells (Figure 3a–e).