Fasting-plasma glucose (p < 0.001), HbA1C (p < 0.001), plasma triacylglycerols (p = 0.026) and insulin resistance measured as HOMA-IR (p = 0.025) were elevated, whereas plasma adiponectin (p = 0.001), indices of insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) (p = 0.021), and β-cell function measured as HOMA-β were decreased (p = 0.044) in patients with T2D compared with weight-matched controls (Table 1). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.