Expression of the muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM63 (encoding MuRF-1) tended to be increased (p = 0.098) in patients with T2D compared to obese controls, whereas the expression of another muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBXO32 (encoding Atrogin-1), and its upstream regulator FOXO3 did not differ between the groups (Figure 2i–j and Supplementary Table S3). This evidence concerns the gene FOXO3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.