GATA1 and acute myeloid leukemia: Consequently, DS patients comprise 15% of pediatric AML cases enrolled on clinical protocols [24] and classical Myeloid Leukemia associated with DS (ML-DS) constitute a separate entity defined by: somatic GATA1 mutations, younger age (mainly < 5 years old), blasts with not only megakaryocytic cell-surface markers but also erythroid markers and CD7 expression [25,26,27], superior clinical outcome, lack of Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents as well as increased treatment-related toxicity [6,8,9,10,11].