VDR and renal cell carcinoma: These effects were mediated by upregulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 1 (TRAF-1), downregulation of cell surface receptor glial family receptor alpha 2 (GFRA2) and hemopoietic cell protein-tyrosine kinase (HCK), and repression of the G-protein coupled receptor chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), compared to control RCC cells [70].