TNF and Miyoshi myopathy: Other soluble factors participating in the interplay between the MM cells and the cellular TME include insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, B cell-activating factor, a member of the TNF family (BAFF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1-alpha and also contribute to the development of drug resistance [70].