CTLA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In the recent HIMALAYA [35] phase III trial, testing the combination of anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-L1 inhibitors for first-line treatment of advanced HCC, patients with HBV-related or non-viral-etiology HCC were benefitted in terms of OS, compared to those receiving sorafenib, although it was not so in cases of HCV-related HCC.