A recent meta-analysis [16] evaluated the effect of etiology in terms of efficacy across three large randomized controlled phase III trials of immunotherapies for HCC, namely anti-PD-L1 in combination with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (IMbrave150 [19]), or anti-PD-1 monotherapy (CheckMate 459 [14]) compared to sorafenib, or second-line anti-PD-1 monotherapy compared to placebo (Keynote-240 [15])-treated patients. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.