Own preliminary results in this respect demonstrated the absence of N-cadherin in most gastrointestinal, tuboovarial, mammary, and lung adenocarcinomas, as well as urothelial carcinomas, so N-cadherin may even help in the differential diagnosis of primary liver cancer from liver metastases of adenocarcinomas of unknown primary tumors. This evidence concerns the gene CDH2 and urothelial carcinoma.