CD40LG and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: This approach has not yet been used in CLL, but was successfully applied in mimicking a germinal center reaction for mouse B cells using BALB/c3T3 fibroblasts expressing CD40L and BAFF [69], or in expanding primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells by a co-culture with HK (human kidney) cells engineered to express CD40L and IL21 [70].