CDKN2A and penile cancer: The evaluation of p16INK4 status is helpful in order to assess the prognosis of invasive penile cancer; thus, the CDKN2A gene encodes the p16 INK4A protein, and the overexpression of this protein associated with HIV infection leads to essential changes in the cell cycle and, consequently, in the malignancy process [51,229,232,233,234].