TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Different mechanisms might explain the alteration in the affected pathways, such as the upregulation of miR-224, which was recorded in HCC through activating the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lipopolysaccharide, and lymphotoxin-alpha inflammatory pathways, resulting in cell migration/invasion in the HCC [74], while miR-199a was downregulated in HCC, inducing G1-phase cell cycle arrest and decreasing the invasiveness via targeting c-Met and mTOR [75].