The expression of CRIF1 was relatively higher in the non-DM group (Fig. 1e, center), whereas the expression of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2) gene was elevated in the T2DM group (Fig. 1e, right), as indicated in the original publication of the scRNA-seq study (see the supplementary data of ref. 14). Here, GADD45GIP1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.