INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Diabetes is defined by the World Health Organization1 as “a chronic condition that occurs when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin produced.” Among the three types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent worldwide, with risk factors including obesity and physical inactivity2.