The transition of pro-neural into mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells is promoted by NFκB and YAP/TAZ signaling and can be triggered by hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, ionizing radiation, and genetic alterations such as the loss of the neurofibromin 1 (NF1) gene17,66,77,81–83. This evidence concerns the gene NF1 and glioblastoma.