ZIC3 and ependymal tumor: These transcription factors included ZIC3/4/5 and the motile ciliogenesis regulators RFX1/2/3/4/548, which were associated with ependymal tumor cell differentiation, the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors NR3C1/2, which were associated with astrocytic tumor cell differentiation, and the pro-neural transcription factors ASCL1 and NHLH149, which were associated with the differentiation into tumor-derived NPCs (Fig. 3e, f and Supplementary Data 5).