Pro-inflammatory molecules such as VEGF, ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF were consistently detected at higher levels in the vitreous of diabetic patients compared to those without diabetes, and in PDR or diabetic macular edema (DME) patients compared to non-DR patients [18, 25–28]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and diabetes mellitus.