KNG1 and Ventricular arrhythmia: These effects may be related to the reduction in ventricular arrhythmia.[31,64] Bradykinin is a nonapeptide produced by the cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen after factor XII (FXII) and prekallikrein (PK) in plasma are activated to form FXIIa and PKa.[65] After bradykinin is produced, it acts mainly on 2 receptor subtypes, B1 and B2.