We found that HIV infection associated with significant elevations in 15 cytokines in the CSF, including members of the IL-1 proinflammatory cytokine family (IL-1β, IL-33, and IL-18), MIG/CXCL9, MCP-2, and, consistent with prior studies (22, 34–36), IP-10 (P < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and HIV infectious disease.