CDH1 and cancer: After the activated FadAc binds specifically to the transmembrane domains of E-cadherin or VE-cadherin[34], the molecules form a FadA-E-cadherin-AnnexinA1 (ANXA1)-β-catenin complex, which is then internalized to induce a series host responses, such as activation of β-catenin signaling and elevated levels of oncogenic or inflammatory genes, transcription factors, and Wnt-related genes, thereby contributing to cancer initiation and promotion [Figure 2A][35].