ENTPD1 and Insulin resistance: Overexpression of ectonucleotidases protein such as ENTPD1/CD39 and ENTPD2/CD73 on hepatic stromal cells will result in hepatic metabolic homeostatic integration and immune reactions in the liver (Jhandier et al., 2005; Pommey et al., 2013; Shuai et al., 2021), and genetic knock out of ENTPD1/CD39 leading to insulin resistance and worsen hepatic glucose metabolism (Enjyoji et al., 2008).