In the livers of NAFLD patients as well as obese diabetic mice, the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (NFE2) and miR-423-5p are increased with decreased FAM3A expression, suggesting that inhibition of FAM3A-ATP-P2R pathway by NFE2/miR-423-5p axis is involved in the development of NAFLD and diabetes in both humans and animals (Yang et al., 2017). The gene discussed is FAM3A; the disease is diabetes mellitus.