TNF and atrial fibrillation: The results showed that compared with patients with sinus rhythm, postoperative serum NT-proBNP, CRP, sST-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 levels in patients with atrial fibrillation all increased to varying degrees, which confirmed the relationship between the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and the body's inflammatory response, indicating that the inflammatory response can promote the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients [23].