AFM and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Table 1 illustrates the clinical characteristic comparisons between the NAFLD patients and the healthy controls. The mean age was 47.64 ± 13.94 years old, and females comprised 36.4% of the NAFLD patients. Compared with healthy controls, NAFLD patients had higher BMI, waist circumference, higher serum levels of ALT, GGT, TG, and uric acid, and lower serum HDL-cholesterol levels (Table 1). Interestingly, we found that the NAFLD patients had significantly higher serum afamin concentrations than the healthy controls (14.79 ± 5.04 mg/L versus 10.83 ± 3.24 mg/L, P < 0.001; Table 1).