Hence, the cellular response of TGF‐β/Smad and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MPK) signal pathway proteins to the nasal allergen challenge and methacholine challenge test is especially important in the pathogenesis of asthma, including bronchial remodeling.5, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is asthma.