Bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) examined by polymerase chain reaction (melting curve method), BALF smear, BALF culture, lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen test for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) (LAM-TB), acid-fast stain (AFS), and serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) test were conducted respectively to compare their positive predictive values (PPVs). Here, ADA is linked to tuberculosis.