Meanwhile, patient samples within the immune-stromal cluster showed a significant enrichment of multiple gene sets for identifying TEX (Fig. 1H), such as CD8 TEX revealed by mass cytometry profiling (CyTOF) (CD8_TEX_CyTOF, P < 0.001) [29], human gene sets homologous to CD4 TEX (CD4_TEX_Mouse, P < 0.001) and CD8 TEX (CD8_TEX_Mouse, P < .001) in mice with chronic viral infection [30], CD8 TEX in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (CD8_TEX_HCC, P < .001) [45], and CD8 TEX in melanoma patients (CD8_TEX_Melanoma, P < 0.001) [32]. Here, CD8A is linked to melanoma.