In addition, in 166 inoperable stage I–III NSCLC patients who received chest radiotherapy (≥ 55 Gy) with or without chemotherapy, 14 functionalities of 11 genes in the TGF-β1 pathway were detected via genetic variations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.