Indeed, a number of transcription factors with known function in the regulation of liver function and NAFLD development were members of PPI networks at distal intergenic regions and promoters, including HNF4A, SMADs, ATF3, RXRA and ARNTL (Figs. 4G,H, S1A and S1B)11–14. Here, HNF4A is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.