The gene expression heatmaps (Fig. 8d) and GSEA analysis (Fig. 8e) further corroborated the significant enrichment of ISGs (type-I IFN response genes and chemokine genes) with SLE, and enrichment of genes in the TGFβ signaling pathway with RA. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.