HIF1A and diabetes mellitus: Typically, activating HIF-1α signaling prevents the development of diabetic kidney disease in the T2D animal model.172 Inhibited HIF-1α signaling impairs wound healing, while activated HIF-1α signaling increases fibroblast proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis to promote wound healing in the diabetes animal models.168,173,174 Properly activated HIF-1α signaling is critical for diabetic heart disease.175 Pharmacologically, activating HIF-1α signaling restores the hypoxic response and improves functional recovery post-ischemia in diabetic heart diseases.176