When HIF-1α in β cells was disrupted, mice exhibited glucose intolerance and β-cell abnormality; these conditions were improved when HIF-1α levels were restored, suggesting that HIF-1α is a T2D β-cell potential therapeutic target for functional disorders.496 Li et al. reported a HIF-1α stabilizer 1a that induces the activation and accumulation of HIF-1α and its driving genes in a diabetic mouse model.497 Intrarenal hypoxia is detected in diabetic patients, and HIF-1 regulates the occurrence of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Here, HIF1A is linked to diabetes mellitus.