Chen et al. demonstrated that HIF-1α and FoxO3a collectively contribute to increased expression of the death factor BNIP3 and promote cardiac cell apoptosis in response to a combined stimulation of high glucose plus hypoxia.389 Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF) overexpression increases HIF-1α in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, confirming the role of HIMF in myocardial hypertrophy. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and cardiac hypertrophy.