CALR and glioblastoma: The Wnt/β-catenin could initiate PI3K/Akt signaling and then adjust HIF-1α function.47 Wnt/β-catenin cooperates with HIF-1α signal in cancer cells,48 while HIF-1α signal also regulates Wnt/β-catenin pathway by calreticulin.49 Emerging studies manifest that the Notch/HIF-1α signaling modulates liver regeneration, angiogenesis, and cancer epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT).50–52 The FAT1/ROS/HIF-1α signaling cascade is found to participate in the growth of glioblastoma (GBM).53