In another study, Spurlock et al. detected a decreased level of lincRNA-p21 and an increased level of phosphorylated p65, a marker of activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B), in the PBMC samples from 8 patients with RA compared to 9 healthy individuals. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.