MALAT1 and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: However, in 2017, based on available microarray data, Cardamone et al. reported an increased level of MALAT1 in PB cells of patients with RRMS and confirmed its role in both the expression of splicing factors (HNRNPF and HNRNPH1) and alternative splicing events in MS-associated pre-mRNAs (IL7R and SP140) [126].