Notably, Lactobacillus treatment on lupus prone MRL/lpr mice significantly increased the expression of multiple tight junction proteins, including ZO1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that certain probiotics may rescue gut permeability detected in SLE patients and restore the normal gut barrier function (176). Here, OCLN is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.