SQSTM1 and viral infectious disease: In addition, in TGEV-infected cells, the decrease in total mitochondrial mass, upregulation of mitochondrial p62/SQSTM1 levels, increase in the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, and expression of Beclin 1 implies that TGEV may induce mitochondrial autophagy to attenuate oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, which will further promote cell survival and possible viral infection.