Under diabetic neuropathy conditions, microglial cells transform to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which releases pro-inflammatory factors [e.g., TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β] and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), further amplify nociceptive signal transmission in the spinal dorsal horn, and promote mechanical hypersensitivity in pDN (Tsuda et al., 2008; Salter and Beggs, 2014; Sun et al., 2015; Liu M et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and diabetic neuropathy.