TNFRSF9 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In an analysis of multiple independent cohorts (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), AGES, COPDGene and Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points (ECLIPSE); n=7396), Kimet al. [29] reported association between higher absolute monocyte count and ILA progression.