Roxadustat is a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor developed in recent years that can correct anemia via multiple pathways by inactivating prolyl hydroxylase Enzyme (PHD) under hypoxia, and regulating the main transcription factor of EPO gene; under normal circumstances, HIF-α and HIF-β that can be hydroxylated by PHD and degraded by the body bind to the nucleus and further bind to the hypoxia response element, thereby mediating gene transcription [14]. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is anemia (phenotype).