TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease: Therefore, we can speculate that CR can play a role in AD treatment by down-regulating the mRNA expression of IL1B, MMP2, RELA, STAT3, and TGFB1, mediating the HIF-1 signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and other pathways.