Association between disease activity assessed by BASDAI and the stool microbiome has also been reported in a study using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing of colonic mucosal samples from patients with spondyloarthritis [22], and normalisation of the gut microbiome in patients with AS on TNF-inhibitors and suppressed disease activity was detected in stool samples via shotgun sequencing [24]. Here, TNF is linked to spondyloarthropathy.