Higher abundance of genes associated with bacterial chemotaxis, two-component system, GTP or GMP, NF-kappa-B and Jak-STAT signalling pathways in CM microbiomes of both hosts suggests their potential roles in mastitis through several complex biologic processes including immune disorders, cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, expression of many cytokines, quorum-sensing, microbial group behaviours and oxidative stress mediators, which likely accounts for the high systemic pathogen burden [7, 58–60]. The gene discussed is SOAT1; the disease is immune system disorder.