INS and diabetes mellitus: Individuals with defected insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into muscle and adipocytes tissues, in addition to impaired insulin suppression of hepatic glucose output, are described as having ‘insulin resistance’(IR).8 Several diseases are clinically associated with IR includes obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, MAFLD, PCOS, and cancer.9–13 Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the mechanisms of IR and effective interventions for treating these metabolic diseases.