ATF3 and colorectal cancer: In cancer cells, SCD1 was found to inhibit the production of CCL4 that is negatively regulated by activated ATF3 through β-catenin signaling that is partly regulated by unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and palmitoleic acid produced by SCD1.18 24 25 27 28 We have shown that SCD1 inhibition suppresses the expression of β-catenin and its downstream molecule, ATF3, and enhances the expression of CCL4 in mouse and human cancer cells and that SCD1 and the β-catenin pathway are positively correlated in patients with colorectal cancer.