IFNA1 and infection: In addition, we found that most microbiota-derived metabolites inhibit IFN-based innate antiviral response in microglia, implying that the host usually orchestrates numerous negative feedback loops of innate antiviral responses to avoid immune pathologies during virus late infection.45 Among these differential regulated metabolites, we identified NAMO, derived from neomycin-sensitive bacteria, acting as a crucial mediator limiting the inflammatory response of microglia to balance CNS immune response initiated by HSV-1 infection.