TNF and herpes simplex infectious disease: GO enrichment analysis indicated that ABX further upregulated these DEGs involved in ‘response to virus’, ‘regulation of defense response’ and ‘cytokine-mediated signaling pathway’, whereas downregulated genes enriched in neuronal functions (Supplemental figure 4 F and 4 G); this supported the critical role of gut microbiota in neurodegeneration.25 KEGG pathway also suggested the participation of these DEGs in immune response to virus, such as ‘Herpes simplex infection’, ‘Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction’, ‘TNF signaling pathway’ and ‘NOD-like receptor signaling pathway’ (Figure 3(d)).