We have previously reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) and brequinar, a DHODH inhibitor, induced differentiation of myeloid leukemia by activating the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) via pyrimidine depletion. The gene discussed is ATR; the disease is myeloid leukemia.