INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Despite similar BMI, women with previous GDM are at increased risk of developing long-term adverse metabolic outcomes and have a lower insulin sensitivity and decreased beta cell function years after pregnancy compared to women without GDM; 26% of the women with previous GDM developed T2DM compared to none in a matched control group, and women with previous GDM had approximately a 3-fold higher risk of prediabetes and the MetS.