We found cytokines like IFNγ, IL-4, IL-13, IFNβ1, TNFα, and transcriptional regulators such as HIF1α, STAT1, CTCF, TP73, IRF1, MXD1, ATF4, SPI1 mediate macrophage activation upon infection (Table 5). The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is infection.