In line with our observation that smoking asthma patients had higher frequencies of blood CD45RO+ILC3s, Shikhagie et al. showed that compared to control subjects, smokers and patients with COPD have higher frequencies of lung NRP1+ILC3s that highly express CD45RO; moreover, those cells were observed to secrete more cytokines than NRP1−ILC3s17. The gene discussed is NRP1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.